Verse 34 of Surah An-Nisa ("Men are protectors and maintainers of women...") is considered one of the fundamental Quranic references for defining spousal relations and family rights in Islam; however, extending the meaning of *qawwamiyyah* (the role of *qawwam*) to imply inherent superiority or higher intrinsic value of the male sex over the female has sparked extensive debate and raised numerous questions. The fundamental issue addressed in this research is whether the concept of *qawwamiyyah*, within the verse's context, signifies axiological superiority and male dominance over the female, or if it merely refers to a managerial and supportive function within the family institution. Employing a descriptive-analytical method alongside semantic and contextual analysis, this study examines the verse's key terms and supporting arguments. The findings indicate that the term *qawwam* implies neither domination, absolute authority, nor inherent superiority in value or human dignity; rather, it denotes responsibility, prudent management, protection, and the provision of livelihood within the scope of the marital relationship. Furthermore, the phrase "because Allah has favored..." (*bima faddala Allah...*) refers to functional and physical differences as well as the division of roles within the natural order and the management of shared life; when coupled with the obligation of financial maintenance, this necessitates the role of family leadership. Therefore, *qawwāmiyyat* (male stewardship/guardianship) is a duty-bound, functional role confined to the institution of the family; it never serves as a basis for establishing gender superiority in the human, social, or spiritual realms.