Document Type : Specialized article
Authors
1
Student at Level 4, Comparative Interpretation, Al-Zahra University
2
Student at Level 4, Comparative Interpretation, Al-Zahra University.
3
Assistant Professor at Jamiat al-Mustafa, Head of the Department of Interpretation and Quranic Sciences at Jamiat al-Zahra.
Abstract
Monotheism (Tawhid) is considered one of the most fundamental principles of Islamic teachings and the foundational basis of religious beliefs, encompassing abundant branches. Among these, Tawhid Dhati (intrinsic monotheism) holds a foundational and pivotal position. Given the significance of Tawhid Dhati, the abundance of Quranic verses addressing this topic, and the diversity of interpretations by exegetes, the following question arises: What are the views of Fakhr al-Razi and Ayatollah Javadi Amoli regarding the indication of verse 65 of Surah Ṣād – "Say, [O Muhammad], 'Indeed, I am only a warner, and there is no deity except Allah, the One, the Almighty'" – concerning Tawhid Dhati? This research, conducted through an analytical-comparative method, examines the views of these two prominent exegetes. The findings indicate that Ayatollah Javadi Amoli rejects Fakhr al-Razi’s perspective, asserting that the sacred essence of God Almighty is transcendent beyond all forms of possible unity (wahdah imkāniyyah), such as numerical, generic, or categorical unity. In his view, since the unity of God Almighty is not a possible unity, nothing can dominate or subordinate Him in His essence, attributes, or actions, nor can anything confine Him within defined limits. Furthermore, he considers the assumption of a second deity an impossible hypothesis, as the very premise of such an assumption constitutes an ontological boundary. The existence of the One Almighty encompasses the assumption itself, its basis, and its components as subordinate to His essence. In other words, the unique existential scope of the Divine Essence leaves no room for the assumption of any other existence.
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